Economists at the Southwest University of Finance and Economics in Chengdu found that the Gini coefficient, which is the most widely used measure of inequality, was .61 in 2010. Gini index (World Bank estimate) World Bank, Development Research Group. 2013 % change; NBS income. The extent of equality was assessed using the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient Method. The coefficient can take any values between 0 to 1 (or 0% to 100%). As shown in Figure 1, according to one source, China’s Gini coefficient increased from about 0.310 in 1981 to 0.491 in 2008before declining marginally to 0.474 in 2012. After China’s official Gini coefficient reached 0.412 in 2000, its National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) stopped releasing the data, saying “income data for wealthy households was incomplete.” But a couple of months after a Chinese university reported China’s Gini coefficient reached 0.61 in 2012, the NBS started releasing the coefficients again. and length of time periods, a general consensus from the existing studies is that China’s income inequality has risen markedly since 1978 (as shown in Annex Table A1). The data reached an all-time high of 0.491 NA in 2008 and a record low of 0.462 NA in 2015. The Chart of the Week tells the story. The Gini coefficient measures the distribution of incomes across income percentiles. 3 Furthermore it is possible for the Gini coefficient of a developing country to rise (due to increasing inequality of income) while the number of people in absolute poverty decreases. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.468 NA for 2018. Using multiple data sources, we establish that China's income inequality since 2005 has reached very high levels, with the Gini coefficient in the range of 0.53-0.55. The Gini coefficient is one of the most frequently used measures of economic inequality. Fraction of population . In 2019, China’s Gini Coefficient – a statistical measure intended to represent wealth inequality – was 0.465, according to CEIC. How to Solve it More Simply . Gini coefficients in China, USA and Germany (2000–2014 period). China’s Gini Coefficient data was reported at 0.465 NA in 2019. The chapter’s analytical framework consists of two parts. China has not made its Gini coefficient public since 2000. China’s Gini coefficient for income, a widely used measure of inequality, was 0.49 in 2012, according to the report. After 2000, the Gini rose further to a high of 0.49 in 2008. China’s Gini coefficient, an index of the income gap, has exceeded 0.46, Bo, the Communist Party Secretary for Chongqing Municipality, told reporters in … In China the overall Gini coefficient increased from 0.30 to 0.46 between 1978 and 2006 (Chen et al., 2010). The coefficient ranges from 0 (0%) to 1 (100%), with 0 representing perfect equality and 1 representing perfect inequality. These findings are applied to examine Chinese rural-urban income disparity from 1978 to 2008 and the results show that the rise of the urban population, rather than the enlargement of the income gap between urban and rural residents, plays the major role in the increase of the Gini ratio between rural and urban inhabitants from 1978 to 2001, whereas after 2001 the further increases in … The Gini coefficient is equal to the area below the line of perfect equality (0.5 by definition) minus the area below the Lorenz curve, divided by the area below the line of perfect equality. China’s Gini Coefficient data is updated yearly, averaging 0.474 NA from Dec 2003 to 2019, with 17 observations. It is obvious that the inequality in China is very high, compared to the other countries. A coefficient of zero indicates a perfectly equal distribution of income or wealth Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Gross domestic product (GDP) is a standard measure of a country’s economic health and an indicator of its standard of living. A Gini coefficient of 0 expresses perfect equality, with all units receiving an equal share. The values of Gini coefficient values are between zero and one with the lowest coefficient (zero) representing equality in which all earn equal income while a coefficient of one indicates an inequality whereby only one person earns all the income among a group of workers. The standardized regression coefficient of the smoking rate tended to decrease with time (until April 30 = 0.495, until May 31 = 0.467, and until June 30 = 0.454), while the standardized regression coefficient of the Gini coefficient tended to increase with time (0.315, 0.335, 0.348, respectively). The rise of income inequality in China has coincided with China’s rapid economic growth since the beginning of the economic reform in 1978. Coefficients available in the database range from 0.21 (distribution of national income in Urban China in the 1980s) to more than 0.9 (capital income in the US and distribution of wealth in France in the 19th century), which shows how economic inequality varies greatly across time and space. Gini coefficient; Tag: Gini coefficient Subscribe to DESAVoice Subscribe to UNDESA Voice. That is a big change, even though some increase in inequality could have been expected … 2 These official estimates are presented in Table 1. A Gini coefficient of 1 means maximal inequality where one unit has all of the resources. Data were obtained from the China Statistical Yearbook 2014. ( Zhang, 2005 , Li, 2006 , Qu, 2007 , Dong and Yang, 2010 ) But we advocate that Gini coefficient is the most authoritative and appropriate indicator to measure social inequality, especially in the global context. Limitations and Exceptions: Gini coefficients are not unique.It is possible for two different Lorenz curves to give rise to the same Gini coefficient. The Gini coefficient is a measure of income inequality, ranging from 0, or perfect equality, to 1, or perfect inequality. For China as a whole, a number of different estimates of the Gini coefficients are available from different sources. Nationwide Inequality in China (Gini coefficients, household income per capita) 2007. 2013 % change: NBS income; 0.47; 0.45-4.7%; Note: All estimates calculated using the CHIP data, with weights. With a Gini coefficient of 0.47, China's level of inequality ranks among the most unequal third of all countries. Source: OECD, National Bureau of Statistics of PRC. 0.47; 0.45-4.7%; Adjusted NBS income. Inequality in China is in the same ballpark as that of relatively high-inequality Latin American countries such as Mexico and El Salvador (both 0.47), although lower than Brazil and Colombia (0.55 and 0.57, respectively). In Fig. According to the smoothed trends, the Gini coefficient in China was around 0.30 in 1980, but by 2012 it had nearly doubled to 0.55, far surpassing the level of 0.45 in the United States. With so many new billionaires, there may be a noticeable difference in China’s household income distribution. It shows that the Gini coefficient, a widely used measure of income inequality, has risen by 15 points since 1990 to 50 (a reading of zero would indicate that everyone has the same income, while a reading of 100 would mean that the richest person gets all the income.) This study proposes a new approach to analyse the effects of an overlap term on the calculation of the overall Gini coefficient and estimates China’s Gini ratios since the adoption of the economic reform and open-door policies. 1 The official estimates of the Gini coefficients for the years 2003 to 2012 were provided by the Director of the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS) at a press conference in January 2013. The Gini coefficient measures income the inequality of a population of a country or region. Open access, high quality wealth and income inequality data developed by an international academic consortium. Data and research on social and welfare issues including families and children, gender equality, GINI coefficient, well-being, poverty reduction, human capital and inequality., Gini coefficients, poverty rates, income, etc. About Gini coefficient, some scholars argue that China's Gini coefficient was over-valued or the data is not accurate, or the indicator itself has major defects, and so on. The Gini coefficient is based on the comparison of cumulative proportions of the population against cumulative proportions of income they receive, and it ranges between 0 in the case of perfect equality and 1 in the case of perfect inequality. Developed by Italian statistician Corrado Gini in 1912, the Gini coefficient is the most commonly used measure of inequality. About 20 years ago, China's Gini coefficient for family net wealth was 0.45, according to the the People's Daily website, a Communist party mouthpiece, but by 2012 it had risen to 0.73. Fraction of income. The Gini coefficient requires you to construct a Lorenz curve that would look like this: A Then you have to determine what fraction of the triangle is made up of area A. China’s Gini coefficient also rose to 53 in 2013, from 33 in 1990. As shown in Figure 1, China’s Gini coefficient (a measure of inequality ranging from zero, which represents perfect equality, to one, perfect inequality) rose from about 0.3 in the early 1980s to more than 0.45 in the early 2000s. China The source for global inequality data. Estimates for the years 2000, Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Analyzing comparable survey data collected in 2010 in China and the United States, we examine social determinants that help explain C … Results: Health care resource distribution in China demonstrates inequalities. Nationwide Inequality in China (Gini coefficients, household income per capita) 2007. By decomposing the Gini coefficient and the Gini coefficient differences by income source, this chapter tries to explore the reasons why the Gini coefficient has been falling in recent years in China.
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